The FDA's Evolving Stance on 'Natural'
The term 'natural' on food packaging can be misleading for consumers. The FDA has not created a formal definition but maintains a policy. The agency began considering a formal definition in the 2010s and received extensive public feedback.
Why a Formal Definition Isn't in Place
The absence of a formal definition is due to several factors. The term is often used in marketing and is subjective. Creating a definition is challenging, leading the agency to rely on its consistent policy.
The FDA's Long-Standing Policy
Since 1993, the FDA has maintained a policy for 'natural' claims. This policy is a guideline, not a formal rule.
What 'Natural' Does Not Mean
Consumers should understand that 'natural' does not cover production methods. Unlike 'organic' certification, 'natural' does not guarantee nutritional value or safety.
Comparison: Natural vs. Organic Labeling
| Feature | 'Natural' Label | 'Organic' Label (USDA Certified) |
|---|---|---|
| Governing Body | FDA (Guideline) | USDA (Strict Regulations) |
| Definition | No formal definition; policy states no artificial/synthetic ingredients. | Legally defined; adheres to strict standards for farming and processing. |
| Pesticides/Herbicides | Permitted (no restrictions). | Strictly limited; certain synthetic substances are prohibited. |
| Genetic Engineering | No formal stance; genetically modified organisms (GMOs) could be considered 'natural'. | Prohibited; products must be non-GMO. |
| Animal Welfare | Not addressed. | Strict guidelines for living conditions and animal feed. |
| Audit/Certification | Not required. | Required; inspected by a USDA-accredited certifying agent. |
What to Look for on the Label
Given the ambiguity of the 'natural' label, consumers should focus on:
- Ingredient List: Review ingredients.
- USDA Organic Seal: Look for this seal for specific production standards.
- Nutrition Facts Panel: Check for information on sugar, sodium, and fat.
The Legal Landscape and Ongoing Discussions
The lack of a formal FDA definition has resulted in numerous legal challenges. The FDA has asked courts to pause these cases while it considers a definition.
Conclusion: A Consumer's Path Forward
Understanding the FDA's position is vital. Under current policy, 'natural' means the absence of artificial flavors, colors, or synthetic substances and is not an indicator of healthfulness or production methods. The USDA Organic label offers a more reliable, legally-defined certification. Consumers should prioritize reading ingredient lists and nutritional information. {Link: FDA website https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/use-term-natural-food-labeling} provides further information.
