Deciphering the FDA's Protein Content Claims
Understanding food labels is essential for consumers aiming to meet specific health goals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates nutrient content claims, including those for protein, to prevent misleading information. A 'high protein' claim is a legally defined term with a specific nutritional standard. To use this term, a product must meet a precise threshold based on the recommended Daily Value (DV).
The 'High Protein' Standard
To qualify for a 'high protein' claim, a food must contain 20% or more of the FDA's Daily Value (DV) for protein per serving. The reference DV for protein is 50 grams per day, based on a standard 2,000-calorie diet. Therefore, a single serving of a product making this claim must contain at least 10 grams of protein to be compliant.
Other Protein Claims: 'Good Source' and 'More Protein'
The FDA also defines other nutrient content claims for protein. A product can be labeled a "good source of protein" if it provides 10% to 19% of the DV for protein per serving. The claim "more protein" indicates that a food contains at least 10% more of the DV per serving than a comparable reference food.
The Crucial Role of Protein Quality
FDA regulations require protein claims to be based on both the quantity and quality of protein. The method used in the U.S. for assessing protein quality is the Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). PDCAAS considers amino acid profile and true fecal protein digestibility. The PDCAAS value helps determine the corrected protein amount for the Daily Value calculation.
How to Interpret Protein Information on Labels
When viewing a Nutrition Facts label, the % Daily Value (%DV) for protein provides guidance. A %DV of 20% or more indicates a high source of protein, while 5% or less indicates a low source. The %DV for protein is not always required on adult food product labels unless a specific protein claim is made or the food is for infants or toddlers. This is because protein intake is generally not a public health concern in the U.S..
Comparison of FDA Protein Claims
| Feature | 'High Protein' Claim | 'Good Source of Protein' Claim |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum %DV | 20% DV or more per serving | 10–19% DV per serving |
| Minimum Grams (Based on 50g DV) | 10g or more per serving | 5–9.5g per serving |
| Protein Quality | Must be substantiated with PDCAAS | Must be substantiated with PDCAAS |
| Labeling | Can explicitly state "high protein" or "excellent source" | Can explicitly state "good source of protein" |
Making Informed Dietary Choices
A balanced diet includes various protein sources, such as lean meats, poultry, seafood, dairy, eggs, and plant-based options like soy and lentils. Understanding FDA regulations helps consumers navigate nutrition labels. Comparing the %DV for protein on different products offers a standardized reference, especially when serving sizes differ. Checking the protein source and quality score, if available, can also inform choices.
When a product makes a protein claim, the %DV for protein must be included on the label. This allows consumers to see the protein content in grams and understand its significance.
Conclusion: The Final Word on High-Protein Claims
The FDA's claim for high protein requires a product to provide at least 20% of the Daily Value for protein per serving. This standard, along with the PDCAAS assessment for protein quality, helps ensure consumers receive a substantial and usable amount of protein. By understanding these regulations, consumers can make informed decisions that support their nutritional goals. For more information on Daily Values and nutrition labeling, the {Link: FDA website https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels} is a valuable resource.
