What is Methylglyoxal (MGO)?
Methylglyoxal, or MGO, is a naturally occurring compound found in high concentrations in genuine Manuka honey. It is the key marker responsible for the honey's powerful antibacterial properties, which differ significantly from the hydrogen peroxide activity in other types of honey. The MGO content in Manuka honey originates from the conversion of another compound, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is found in the nectar of the Manuka flower. Over time, as the honey matures, DHA levels decrease and MGO levels increase, contributing to the honey's potency. The number in an MGO rating directly corresponds to the minimum amount of methylglyoxal present in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). For example, MGO 50+ means the honey contains at least 50mg/kg of MGO.
The Meaning of MGO 50+
An MGO 50+ rating signifies an accessible, entry-level grade of Manuka honey. This is often a multifloral variety, meaning the nectar was collected by bees from the Manuka plant as well as other wildflower sources. While it is a milder concentration compared to higher-grade Manuka honeys, it still offers the unique antibacterial and wellness benefits associated with the presence of MGO. This makes it an ideal option for daily wellness and as a functional, natural sweetener for drinks and food. It is also typically more affordable than high-potency versions, making it a great starting point for those new to Manuka honey.
MGO vs. UMF: Understanding the Grading Systems
When purchasing Manuka honey, consumers will often see two primary grading systems: MGO and UMF (Unique Manuka Factor). While both measure the honey's potency, they differ in their scope and certification process.
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MGO (Methylglyoxal): This is a simpler, more direct grading system that measures the concentration of the single antibacterial compound methylglyoxal. A higher MGO number indicates a higher concentration and stronger antibacterial effect. While effective, some producers note that MGO is only one of the active compounds.
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UMF (Unique Manuka Factor): This is a more comprehensive and robust certification. A UMF™ rating signifies that the honey has been tested for a broader suite of signature compounds, which include MGO, Leptosperin, and DHA. This multi-factor test provides greater assurance of the honey's authenticity, purity, and potency, and is overseen by the UMF™ Honey Association. A UMF™-certified product is also guaranteed to be packed in New Zealand, where the honey originates.
Comparison Table: MGO vs. UMF
| Feature | MGO Rating | UMF Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Measures the concentration of one compound: Methylglyoxal (MGO). | Measures multiple key markers, including MGO, Leptosperin, and DHA. |
| Authenticity Check | Simple, but can potentially be manipulated. | Comprehensive, with a multi-compound test to guarantee authenticity. |
| Potency Scale | Uses a numerical scale indicating mg/kg of MGO (e.g., MGO 50+, MGO 263+). | Uses a numbered scale (e.g., UMF™ 5+, UMF™ 10+, UMF™ 15+) that correlates to MGO levels. |
| Geographic Guarantee | Can be bottled anywhere, potentially losing traceability. | Guaranteed to be packed and certified in New Zealand. |
| Cost | Generally more accessible and affordable at lower grades. | Often a higher price point due to more stringent testing and certification. |
The Spectrum of MGO Ratings
Understanding the various MGO grades helps consumers choose the right honey for their needs. The scale ranges from mild, everyday use to high-potency varieties reserved for more targeted applications.
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MGO 40+ to MGO 100+ (Daily Wellness): This includes the MGO 50+ grade and is recommended for everyday consumption. It provides a daily boost of MGO for general well-being and is great for use as a sweetener in tea, coffee, or on toast.
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MGO 250+ (Immune Support): A mid-range grade with stronger potency, this honey is suitable for seasonal wellness and providing more targeted immune support. It's often used for minor wounds and digestive health.
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MGO 550+ and Higher (High Potency): These are potent, high-concentration grades used for targeted health applications. This level is often utilized for wound and burn care, oral health, and to manage specific digestive issues. Medical-grade Manuka honey, used in hospitals, is sterilized and reserved for wound dressings.
How to Choose the Right Manuka Honey
- Determine your needs. For daily use or as a natural sweetener, an MGO 50+ or MGO 100+ is perfectly sufficient and affordable. If you seek more targeted support for immune health or minor skin issues, a mid-range MGO 250+ or higher is appropriate. For specific medicinal applications, consult a healthcare provider and consider a high-potency MGO 550+ and above, or medical-grade honey.
- Decide on a certification. Both MGO and UMF are reliable indicators of potency, but UMF offers a more comprehensive guarantee of authenticity and origin due to its multi-compound testing. If buying a product that only lists MGO, it should still have a batch number for traceability.
- Check for proper labeling. Authentic Manuka honey, especially UMF-certified honey, will clearly state its origin as New Zealand. Be wary of vague or uncertified products that claim to be 'active' without a specific MGO or UMF rating.
Conclusion: The Final Word on 50+
In conclusion, the '50+' on a jar of Manuka honey refers to its minimum methylglyoxal (MGO) content of 50mg/kg. This rating indicates a mild, multifloral grade of honey, ideal for everyday consumption and general well-being. It is a reliable marker of potency, though the UMF certification offers a more comprehensive assessment of authenticity by testing for a wider range of compounds. Ultimately, understanding the different rating systems and selecting the grade that aligns with your intended use will help ensure you get the most out of this versatile and beneficial product.
Visit the Unique Mānuka Factor Honey Association website for more information on certification.
